Rootstocks & Vigor USDA/WSU trait table • Site fit still matters

Apple Rootstock Selector by Soil Texture & Stature

Shortlist apple rootstocks by desired vigor, then check drainage, irrigation, replant conditions and support needs.

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A rootstock shortlist starts with site constraints
A rootstock shortlist starts with site constraintsUse vigor, permanent support requirements and site conditions to form a shortlist. A named clone, disease pressures and the scion cultivar still need checking. The illustrated tree is not a predicted mature size or a recommendation of one rootstock.Original illustration · Not a field-test photographView full size Download SVG

How this tool works

The chosen stature sets the candidate class. Soil adds a constraint rather than silently switching a dwarf request to a large tree. Published rootstock size estimates differ by trial, cultivar and growing system. Use regional trial data and the nursery’s exact clone when making a final choice.

Assumptions & Physical Constraints:

Final mature tree height is an approximate range that varies with scion cultivar vigor, soil fertility, and summer pruning.

Full-size tree on loam: the screen returns seedling apple rootstock, not M.9 or G.41. On poorly drained clay, drainage must be addressed before any candidate is treated as suitable.
Rule-set status: Interface/model revision 4.2.0 • September 6, 2026. Sources and limitations below; this date is not a field-trial date.
Sources and model basis: WSU: Rootstocks for AppleUSDA ARS: G.214, G.890 and G.969 release information

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does M.9 rootstock require permanent staking?

Dwarfing apple rootstocks such as M.9 generally need permanent support. Match the support system to the rootstock, crop load, wind exposure and training system.